渗透测试工具 nmap 端口扫描 |
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渗透测试工具 nmap 端口扫描
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只介绍如何使用端口扫描及常用命令解释，如何安装在此不赘述，可自行百度。当然，可以使用kali，无需安装直接使用， 简介nmap 是一款渗透端口扫描测试工具。它不单单可以进行端口扫描，还可以扫描漏洞、服务器信息等等。是一款十分强大的扫描工具，可以在windows、mac、Linux上运行。 nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件，用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端，并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统（这是亦称 fingerprinting）。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一，以及用以评估网络系统安全。 正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具，nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客（又称脚本小子）爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器，但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定，从而计划攻击的方法。 Nmap 常被跟评估系统漏洞软件Nessus 混为一谈。Nmap 以隐秘的手法，避开闯入检测系统的监视，并尽可能不影响目标系统的日常操作。 其官网：https://nmap.org/ 1.使用说明用法： nmap[扫描类型][选项]｛目标规范｝ 目标规格：可以传递主机名、IP地址、网络等。 例如： scanme.nmap.org，microsoft.com/24，192.168.0.1；10.0.0.255.1-2 安装或运行 nmap 会出现参数介绍： Nmap 7.92 ( https://nmap.org ) Usage: nmap [Scan Type(s)] [Options] {target specification} TARGET SPECIFICATION: Can pass hostnames, IP addresses, networks, etc. Ex: scanme.nmap.org, microsoft.com/24, 192.168.0.1; 10.0.0-255.1-254 -iL : Input from list of hosts/networks -iR : Choose random targets --exclude : Exclude hosts/networks --excludefile : Exclude list from file HOST DISCOVERY: -sL: List Scan - simply list targets to scan -sn: Ping Scan - disable port scan -Pn: Treat all hosts as online -- skip host discovery -PS/PA/PU/PY[portlist]: TCP SYN/ACK, UDP or SCTP discovery to given ports -PE/PP/PM: ICMP echo, timestamp, and netmask request discovery probes -PO[protocol list]: IP Protocol Ping -n/-R: Never do DNS resolution/Always resolve [default: sometimes] --dns-servers : Specify custom DNS servers --system-dns: Use OS's DNS resolver --traceroute: Trace hop path to each host SCAN TECHNIQUES: -sS/sT/sA/sW/sM: TCP SYN/Connect()/ACK/Window/Maimon scans -sU: UDP Scan -sN/sF/sX: TCP Null, FIN, and Xmas scans --scanflags : Customize TCP scan flags -sI : Idle scan -sY/sZ: SCTP INIT/COOKIE-ECHO scans -sO: IP protocol scan -b : FTP bounce scan PORT SPECIFICATION AND SCAN ORDER: -p : Only scan specified ports Ex: -p22; -p1-65535; -p U:53,111,137,T:21-25,80,139,8080,S:9 --exclude-ports : Exclude the specified ports from scanning -F: Fast mode - Scan fewer ports than the default scan -r: Scan ports consecutively - don't randomize --top-ports : Scan most common ports --port-ratio : Scan ports more common than SERVICE/VERSION DETECTION: -sV: Probe open ports to determine service/version info --version-intensity : Set from 0 (light) to 9 (try all probes) --version-light: Limit to most likely probes (intensity 2) --version-all: Try every single probe (intensity 9) --version-trace: Show detailed version scan activity (for debugging) SCRIPT SCAN: -sC: equivalent to --script=default --script=: is a comma separated list of directories, script-files or script-categories --script-args=: provide arguments to scripts --script-args-file=filename: provide NSE script args in a file --script-trace: Show all data sent and received --script-updatedb: Update the script database. --script-help=: Show help about scripts. is a comma-separated list of script-files or script-categories. OS DETECTION: -O: Enable OS detection --osscan-limit: Limit OS detection to promising targets --osscan-guess: Guess OS more aggressively TIMING AND PERFORMANCE: Options which take are in seconds, or append 'ms' (milliseconds), 's' (seconds), 'm' (minutes), or 'h' (hours) to the value (e.g. 30m). -T: Set timing template (higher is faster) --min-hostgroup/max-hostgroup : Parallel host scan group sizes --min-parallelism/max-parallelism : Probe parallelization --min-rtt-timeout/max-rtt-timeout/initial-rtt-timeout : Specifies probe round trip time. --max-retries : Caps number of port scan probe retransmissions. --host-timeout : Give up on target after this long --scan-delay/--max-scan-delay : Adjust delay between probes --min-rate : Send packets no slower than per second --max-rate : Send packets no faster than per second FIREWALL/IDS EVASION AND SPOOFING: -f; --mtu : fragment packets (optionally w/given MTU) -D : Cloak a scan with decoys -S : Spoof source address -e : Use specified interface -g/--source-port : Use given port number --proxies : Relay connections through HTTP/SOCKS4 proxies --data : Append a custom payload to sent packets --data-string : Append a custom ASCII string to sent packets --data-length : Append random data to sent packets --ip-options : Send packets with specified ip options --ttl : Set IP time-to-live field --spoof-mac : Spoof your MAC address --badsum: Send packets with a bogus TCP/UDP/SCTP checksum OUTPUT: -oN/-oX/-oS/-oG : Output scan in normal, XML, s| |
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